Dynamic Earth

                                                            Mines
First i learned that all rocks contain water like serpentite. Water is a component of most rocks, water is stored in tiny pores in the rock. Roads are also made from crushed rock.

When sand and clay, start to make layer at the bottom of the sea it makes sandstone and shell. Pyramids in Egypt are made of lime stone, marble sand stone and granite that are cut shaped and polished.
                                            Inner Earth
                           
What i found really amazing about inner earth is that the core is hotter than the surface of the sun! Also when the hot heat meets with the cold outer space the plates start to move.  I also discovered from reading that we have 2 types of crusts, that make up the crust of earth the ocean crust which is made of basalt and the continental crust which is made of granite.  The outer core is made of molten which is also our dynamic magnetic field and the core is made of solid metal.  Our dynamic magnetic field attracts meteorites like yougedin which its inclusions are rich in carbon and sulfur, meteorites and asteroids actually formed earths and  reveal secrets of earths core. We learn about inner earth from periodites, Garnet periodite and spinal periodite give us clues to how deep the earth is. Basaltic magmas are made of melted periodite.  Now for the mantle ,a layer of earth, the mantle is made of solid rocks flowing like glaciers. Amazingly the mantle contains more water than all the oceans... but in minerals. P-waves are pressure waves of primary, they travel through liquids and solids, s-waves are shear waves or secondary, they only travel through solids.

                                                          Gems and Minerals
Diamonds name came from a Greek word that meant invincible. Labrodites, Moonstnes , sunstones all belong to the feldspar family that cover half of earths crust.  For a bit of history gems,Napoleon a french emperor lived from 1769-1821 gave his wife Marie Louise a diamond necklace and a
Diadem crown in the olden days gems were given to the royalty. To change a crystal to a gem you need to cut it then shape it with a abrasive wheel then grind its faces and lastly polish the gem with a rotating wheel!! Gems also tell you what gem you are for you month :

Jan: Garnet
Feb: Amythyst
Mar:Aquamarine
April: Diamond
May: Emerald
June: Alexandrite
July: Ruby
Aug: Periodite
Sep: Sapphire
Oct: Opal
Nov: Topaz
Dec: Turquoise

 Diffeent kinds of atoms (some trapped in impurities in chrystal atomic structures interact with light to tint minerals a virtual rainbow of colors and that is how minerals get their colors! what i found so amazing is that the electrons circling the atom capture light but the color that we see the gem as is not being touched by electrons so the gem is not really that color it is a different one!!!!!!!!!!!!!